分类： 生物学 >> 生物进化论 提交时间： 2024-03-21
摘要： The affinity of ‘Dongfangaspis qujingensis’, initially assigned to Dongfangaspisbut later to Laxaspis, has long been controversial. However, the taxonomical revision raisesa new problem of junior homonym since the type species of Laxaspis is L. qujingensis. Here,we describe some new materials of ‘Dongfangaspis qujingensis’ and Damaspis vartus fromthe Xishancun Formation (early Lochkovian, Early Devonian) in Qujing, Yunnan Province.‘Dongfangaspis qujingensis’ strikingly resembles Damaspis vartus in the slightly longerheadshield, bifurcated ends of the lateral transverse canals, unconnected V-shaped posteriorsupraorbital canals, and at least seven pairs of lateral transverse canals issuing from the lateraldorsal canal. These similarities indicate that ‘D. qujingensis’ is more suggestive of Damaspis thanDongfangaspis and Laxaspis. Therefore, we propose to remove ‘Dongfangaspis qujingensis’ fromLaxaspis to Damaspis. The new specimens of Damaspis vartus reveal five long lateral transversecanals on the right side, corroborating that the asymmetric sensory canal system in the holotype isthe intraspecific variation.
分类： 生物学 >> 动物学 提交时间： 2022-04-16 合作期刊: 《古脊椎动物学报》
摘要： A new genus and species of the family Eugaleaspidae (Eugaleaspiformes, Galeaspida), Xitunaspis magnus gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Lower Devonian Xitun Formation in Qujing, Yunnan Province, China. The new genus displays the diagnostic characters of the Eugaleaspidae, including a slit-like median dorsal opening, no inner cornual process, developed median dorsal canals, and only three pairs of lateral transverse canals extending from lateral dorsal canals. Different from the other eugaleaspids, X. magnus possesses a large headshield with thick dermal bone and a more plesiomorphic sensory canal system. The phylogenetic analysis of the Galeaspida reveals that Xitunaspis clusters with Dunyu and Eugaleaspis to form a monophyletic clade Eugaleaspidae Liu, 1965, and has a closer relationship with Dunyu than Eugaleaspis by sharing the thick dermal bone of the headshield. The new finding represents the first convincing fossil record of the Eugaleaspiformes in the middle Lochkovian Xitun Formation and adds to our knowledge about the morphology of eugaleaspiforms and the evolutionary pattern of the sensory canal system in the Eugaleaspiformes and even Galeaspida.
分类： 生物学 >> 动物学 提交时间： 2021-07-30 合作期刊: 《古脊椎动物学报》
摘要： The new specimens of the largest eugaleaspiform Nochelaspis maeandrine are redescribed from two localities of the Xishancun Formation in Qujing City, Yunnan Province, southwestern China. Nochelaspis is most suggestive of Yunnanogaleaspis from the same horizon, but differs in its slit-like median dorsal opening (length/width>6), much stronger inner cornual process, coarse stellate ornamentation, and the serrations along the edges of the median dorsal opening and headshield. The new findings reveal the morphological details on the ventral side of the headshield as well. The oralobranchial fenestra is covered by a large dermal ventral plate, which is decorated with dense, tiny granular tubercles, and aligned with six pairs of separated, large, and circular branchial openings. This condition is different from that of osteostracans, in which the oralobranchial fenestra is covered by numerous minute scales or larger dermal platelets, and the branchial openings are slit-shaped and covered by small skin flaps somewhat like those of elasmobranchs. However, the branchial openings of galeaspids and osteostracans are both located ventrally as in modern rays, indicating a benthic lifestyle dwelling on sandy or muddy substrates in a quiet marine environment.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地质学 提交时间： 2017-08-24 合作期刊: 《古脊椎动物学报》
摘要： New findings of galeaspids (Agnatha) including Altigibbaspis huiqingae gen. et sp. nov., an indeterminate polybranchiaspid, Eugaleaspis changi, and Nanpanaspis microculus are described from the lower part of the Xishancun Formation (early Lochkovian, Early Devonian) near the northeast entrance of Liaokuo Park, Qujing City, Yunnan Province, China. The Polybranchiaspis-like new genus is characterized by a blade-like median dorsal ridge on the dorsal side of head-shield. The morphological disparity of the median dorsal ridge and spine in galeaspids suggests that these structures functioned more than providing a hydrodynamic stability. We assume that a high upright and compressed spine may render galeaspid fishes an apparently larger size as seen by a predator, and a blade-like median dorsal ridge may accomplish a defense against the claws of large sea scorpions. Nanpanaspis is peculiar in bearing two short laterally projecting processes on each side of the head-shield, and its phylogenetic relationship is discussed based on different interpretations on the homology of these processes. Considering the unique morphology of Nanpanaspis, and its early occurrence among the Huananaspiformes, we assign Nanpanaspis in the monogeneric family Nanpanaspidae to represent an early branch of the Huananaspiformes. 本文描述了云南曲靖早泥盆世西山村组盔甲鱼类(无颌类)的新发现，包括一新属、新种——惠清驼背鱼(Altigibbaspis huiqingae gen. et sp. nov.), 一件属种未定的多鳃鱼科标本，以及张氏真盔甲鱼(Eugaleaspis changi)和小眼南盘鱼(Nanpanaspis microculus)的新材料。驼背鱼在很多方面跟多鳃鱼都非常相似，但头甲背面具一特征性的驼背状隆起，其上有一刀刃状的中背脊。中背脊和中背棘在盔甲鱼类里的形态分异度表明：它们除了能够提供游泳方向稳定性外，可能衍生出了一些附加的功能，例如直立高耸的中背棘能使盔甲鱼在捕食者眼里具有了恐吓性，刀刃状的中背脊可能也起到一些防御的作用。南盘鱼头甲侧缘具有两对非常奇特的侧向延伸的突起；通过对这两对侧突同源性的比较，讨论了南盘鱼的潜在系统分类位置。鉴于南盘鱼奇特的形态，以及它在华南鱼目中相对较早的出现时代，建议暂时把南盘鱼放到一个单属科南盘鱼科，代表了华南鱼目早期分出来的一个支系。
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